The Malaysian Economy: Booming :: essays research papers

The Malaysian Economy: Booming The Economy: Following a period of severe and prolonged recession, the Malaysian economy has returned to growth aided by a relaxation of monetary and fiscal policies and by increased export demand, particularly in the electronics sector. While the world economic slowdown was more severe than expected and the unprecedented September 11 events in the United States had widespread implications for all economies, Malaysia was able to steer away from a major economic contraction and GDP growth for the year remained in positive territory. However, given the openness of its economy with trade accounting for about 200 percent of GDP, Malaysia was not spared from the negative effects of the United States economic slowdown. These effects came in the form of declining manufacturing production and negative export growth, particularly of electronics. Nevertheless, the government’s initiation of strong monetary and fiscal policies to stimulate economic growth through accelerating domestic economic activi ties and reducing the over-dependence on exports helped the nation to sustain a positive real GDP growth. Since 1998 the Government has relaxed the equity guidelines for investment in the manufacturing sector. Foreigners can now own 100% equity regardless of the level of exports and several incentives have also been introduced recently to promote the manufacturing-related services sector. Foreign Direct Investment has been the key to the country's remarkable success in recent years. Hundreds of international companies have so far established themselves in the country, attracted by the favorable investment environment has made Malaysia one of the world’s top locations for offshore manufacturing operations. Manufacturing is now the largest export sector of the economy (contributing around 34% of GDP and employing nearly 28% of the labor force in 2000). The electronics sector (radios and television) is the main export earner followed by processed foods, rubber, chemicals, timber, petroleum-refining and automobile manufacturing. In 2001, the impact of the slowdown in economic activity was also felt by the labor market, particularly in terms of unemployed workers in the manufacturing sector. However, given the flexibility accorded by the labor market, alternative measures that were adopted by employers (such as pay cuts and temporary layoffs) helped contain the number of workers unemployed. The Malaysian exchange rate remained pegged to the US dollar at the rate of RM3.80 per US dollar in 2001 (an arrangement that has been effective since 2 September 1998). The ‘Ringgit’ appreciated against all major currencies, including regional currencies in tandem with the strong U.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay

Shelley wanted the audience in this scene to feel greater sympathy for the monster as he is turned away yet again by mankind because he is simply judged too quickly because of his appearance. Branagh remains true to Shelley’s intentions in this scene by making the monster appear heartbroken. Cries echo through the forest, he runs with a limp through the forest away from the house and collapses on the ground as soon as he thinks he is out of sight from the family. These things were very good for building up sympathy for the monster. This scene is also where we see the monster beginning to change. He goes back to the house and sees that the family have fled their home, this makes the monster so angry and upset that he sets fire to the cottage and swears that he will have revenge on the man who made him, so he reads the journal left in his jacket and goes to Geneva to get his revenge on Frankenstein. Branagh made this part of his film very dramatic by using very fast powerful music against the roaring of flames and black smoke that engulfed the cottage and the monster stood in front of the cottage looking fiercely at the flames with a look of anger in his eyes. This is good because it shows that the emotions and feelings which the monster has been hiding are all being forced out of him because he is determined to find answers to all the questions he has about his life and this is exactly how Shelley intended this scene to look as the monster suddenly realises his purpose of life is an experiment. When the monster kills William and sets up Justine Branagh managed to plan this very well because Shelley wanted the monster to kill the little brother and also be able to plant it on Justine without losing sympathy from the audience for the monster and Branagh is able to do this by not actually showing the monster killing William. In the next scene the monster and Frankenstein meet in the mountains, the monster has his chance to get his answers from the man who made him. The monster comes across as being very certain of his knowledge and his feelings. This appears to scare Frankenstein because he doesn’t actually know why he did something so evil and didn’t realise the greatness of the pain he had caused. Shelley wanted this conversation between the monster and Frankenstein to make the audience judge the monster as the ‘good guy’ and Frankenstein as the ‘bad guy. ‘ Branagh does this by making the monster talk and ask a lot more questions than Frankenstein. Frankenstein has a look of shock on his face throughout the conversation but the monster looks very certain and meaningful of everything he says to Victor, again making the monster seem superior to Frankenstein. Shelley wanted the audience to feel that the monster only did certain evil things because he was given emotions and senses but not shown how to use them and Branagh fits that into the film by the monster asking Victor Why he made him and brought him into the world to live and so very quickly and then left him to die. Shelley believed that no child should be bought into the world without being loved by parents; Branagh shows this belief of Shelley’s by building up a father and son relationship and shows the father-like character abandoning an innocent child-like character. The monster asks one thing of Frankenstein and that is to have a bride that will look as ‘ugly’ as him so that she would accept him for whom he is and vows that they will never be seen again. This again shows the maturity and sense of the monster. Frankenstein grants him this and promises he will have his bride. Frankenstein doesn’t keep his promise and returns home to marry his bride and travel away with armed men on their wedding night so they will have protection if the monster does come to kill them which he promised he would if he did not get his bride. It is a dark and stormy night and raining very heavily which makes it very hard to see through the dark night, Frankenstein goes outside because he thinks he hears the monsters pipe playing and leaves Elizabeth on her own, quiet slow music start to play but it starts to get faster and louder which says to the viewer that the monster is close by, which he is because he climbs through the window and punches Elizabeth in the chest and pulls her heart out, spraying blood everywhere making a very gruesome sound and very nasty to look at. Frankenstein refuses to accept the death of his new bride so he takes her back to his laboratory and starts cutting up Justine’s body and stitching parts of her and Elizabeth together and revives her so once again we see all the gory bits of limbs being cut up and sewn together, as Elizabeth awakens she realises what Victor has done to her as the monster comes into the laboratory and mistakes her for his bride which victor had promised her, she becomes so angry and upset with the fact that she has been part of Victor ‘playing God’ she sets herself on fire and runs through the house alighting everything. This scene is again highly over exaggerated, as it is very gory and horrifically unnecessary to the viewer. As Walton and his crew come to burn Frankenstein’s body the monster emerges from the distance and is offered by Walton to come with them, this being his first offering of acceptance to mankind, the monster says â€Å"he was my father† and decides to set himself alight upon Frankenstein’s body so that they burnt together. I think Branagh managed to remain true to most of Shelley’s intentions of ‘Frankenstein’ by portraying the monsters character as a very innocent, childlike character linking it all in very well with Shelley’s beliefs she had before and whilst writing ‘Frankenstein’. Branagh definitely pandered to the accepted stereotype of the horror genre by showing a lot of close-ups of quite disturbing images and very horrific noises that went with the images that a book can’t do. Branagh also used a very wide range of music that managed to fit into all the horrific parts of his film very well. Charlotte Tufnell 10M Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Scholars As Well As Public Figures Have Suggested That

Scholars as well as public figures have suggested that a world run by women would, fundamentally, be a more peaceful and equal one. ladies, as the stereotype goes (and, actually, as a decent amount of empirical research suggests), tend to be more collaborative in work and leadership, more empathetic, and much, much less violent on an individual level. ,as Vice President Joe Biden recently suggested â€Å"foreign policy is a logical extension of personal relationships, â€Å"and if women are widely acknowledged to be canny at conducting them, perhaps it follows that female leadership in international affairs would produce more empathy and collaboration between countries. To the extent that global problems like violence and inequality are failures of†¦show more content†¦It is the precondition for such peace. There cannot be peace between nations until there is peace between the two halves of humanity, the mothers and fathers of all living and all yet to live. Steinem sees a connection between what we have chosen to normalize in male-female relations, and what we see at the level of state and society. â€Å"The family is the basic cell of the government,† she explains, â€Å"it is where we are trained to believe that we are human beings or that we are chattel, it is where we are trained to see the sex and race divisions and become callous to injustice even if it is done to ourselves, to accept as biological a full system of authoritarian government.† Truly, it should not come as a surprise to us that societies which are rooted in male dominance over females are in no way peaceful or democratic; as noted by Steinem. â€Å"We are never going to have democratic countries or peaceful countries until we have democratic or peaceful families because you must teach men to dominate in order to maintain a male-dominated system and that is a very ugly education, indeed, where the first to be dominated are those within men’s own families who are different from them Domestic violence is the seedbed of all other violence based onShow MoreRelatedFreakonomics : Ten Ideas For Make Politics Less Rotten1168 Words   |  5 PagesFreakonomics Radio asks different politicians and scholars from both sides of the political spectrum what ideas and practices must go to improve the political atmosphere and restore our country’s greatness. Olympia Snowe proposed we eliminate the closed primaries. The nomination process is faulty because those who choose the nominees are only those who are registered strong supporters of their party. This results in extremists entering the public election exclusively. The moderate has lost theirRead MoreGender Inequality In Australia Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesWestern women have traditionally been perceived as the inferior sex, or the domestic partner, subjected wholly to the private sphere, and stripped of legal rights and standing. Meanwhile, men are depicted as the breadwinner, the strong, masculine and dominant partner, who belongs primarily to the public sphere. These historic gender norms have been deeply imbedded within Australia’s social foundation, and although society has gradually shifted away from these roles, evidence suggests that this genderRead MoreHoward Zinn s The United States997 Words   |  4 Pagesa History Channel documentary based on Zinn s work. Z inn himself was until his death in 2010 a heroic figure to many, especially for this book and for his ongoing teaching and social activism, which were directly related. A People s History of the United States was praised from the moment it appeared on shelves. A 1980 Library Journal review called it brilliant and moving and said it was well-designed to appeal to both historians and general readers. However, the volume was not without its criticismsRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1554 Words   |  7 Pagescondition that is characterized by excess body weight due to the overconsumption of calories in relation to the calorie loss. There are however other associated causes of obesity that have been identified by the scholars and the variables involved in the trend of this condition have a significant correlation. Different tools have been implemented overtime in the management of obesity to mitigate the short term and the long-term effects that result from this condition. However, there has been a variance inRead MoreEmily Dickson Life1088 Words   |  4 Pages Emily Dickinson Life’s Emily Dickinson was an American writer that changed the way people view poetry, females’ authors, and symbolism. Her work are celebrated the world over for their simplicity, beauty, and imagery. Also her life is very well-known and a topic of interest for millions of people around the world. Emily Dickinson was a very influential poet and will be remembered in history forever. Dickinsons poetic accomplishment was known from the moment her first volume appeared in 1890Read MoreLiterature Review Of Literature On Economic Inequality1470 Words   |  6 Pages2008. This expanded literature has left to a shift away from the ideas established by Simon Kuznets. 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The effectiveness of the CCF will be reviewed first, and then followed by an analysis in applying arguments from scholars, finally a conclusion will be drawn. It is suggested that the GovernmentRead MoreThe Phenomena Behind Equity Risk Premium Discussion For 35 Years1365 Words   |  6 Pagesnamed volatility puzzle by scholars who have studied this paradox as well. Just after 3 years from Schiller work on historical volatility, Mehra and Prescott (1985) introduced the equity premium puzzle. It is mainly bas ed on the lack of evidence for a high risk premium in terms of consumption growth. In other words, investors require and have high returns which have low covariance with consumption growth. Using Schiller’s data collected on the volatility puzzle, they have found out that between 1889Read MoreDoc, Pdf1169 Words   |  5 Pagesgain public support. Once such key figure, Mary Kingsley, an English ethnographic writer who explored West Africa, argued that since Africans were an uncivilized, inferior race, it would be futile to â€Å"rule him through institutions modeled on European lines, as the missionaries and the Colonial Office had been doing. Africans†¦ should be ruled through their own institutions.† (Kingsley, Travels in West Africa, 20) She also pointed to the unnecessarily high cost of the Crown Colony system as well as theRead MoreEssay on Cave Paintings1253 Words   |  6 Pagesthe damage being caused by human beings. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Lascaux this elegant cave painting is comprised of almost six hundred figures of different animals. The cave art at Lascaux is comprised of horses, bison, cattle and hinds as suggested by the Columbia Encyclopedia in its article Paleolithic Art. It is suggested that the art â€Å"may have a ritual significance to hunting†. (Columbia) These animal paintings in the cave vary in size but the bulls specifically range from thirteen to

The War Of Iraq And The Buildup Was A Press Success

Generally speaking, the war in Iraq and the buildup was a press success. The U.S. went into the campaign with a majority vote, it then destroyed the country, while it led to the hanging of their then President Saddam Hussein. Even with no evidence to support that Iraq participated in 9/11 or had Weapons of Mass Destruction, this happened; for the press their role in promoting Iraq was a success. The shaping that took place was introduced when President George W. Bush announced that there was an, â€Å"Axil of Evil† and that the war on terror would continue after Afghanistan (Bennett 125). These comments, along with the build up to the Iraqi war, required some partnership with the press. One significant action that was coordinated with the press was that of the â€Å"pseudo-events† that occurred when the President landed in a carrier off the coast, in a full flight suit, then reciting the speech â€Å"Mission Accomplished† in 2003 (Bennett 133). This was successful coverage by the press, as it lured the public in with a Hollywood type of atmosphere, indicating that Iraq was a good thing and they got what they deserved. However, only a select few have experienced the task of stepping out into the dark and un-known for the safety and wellbeing of others; while those who set policies and orchestrate headlines, push papers. This was made possible by the initial launch of war in 2003 with the bombing of Bagdad (Hayes 1). As by now, the substantial press influence in promoting war had taken itsShow MoreRelatedThe Subculture of the United States Army Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagescivilian pursuits in peace. The second is the concept of universal obligationâ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Brown, page xiii). When the colonists rebelled against Britain, they raised an Army of volunteers to fight under the leadership of General George Washington. Following the war and the forming of the United States, the US Constitution authorizes Congress to raise an Army for the national defense. Since the conflict in Vietnam ended, the military has been an all-volunteer force. This means that generally people are in theRead MoreOperation Watch On The Rhein3271 Words   |  14 Pagesoperations against Allied forces along the Western Front of the European Theater during World War II. The primary goal was to split the American and British defenses in two and capture Antwerp to regain control and use of the harbor, encircle the American and British armies in the area, sever the alliance between the U.S. and Britain, and to force negotiations for a peace treaty with the U.S. and Britain. Once this was complete, Hitler could then place his full concentration on defeating the Soviets on theRead MoreRonald Reagan And The Fall Of An Empire3332 Words   |  14 Pagesthe dust settling after the end of the Second World War two supers started to emerge. In the Western side of the globe with the power of industry, manufacturing and a free market, capitalist society the United States was growing at the fastest rate in modern times. As a polar opposite to the United States and their form or government almost as if suited for a fiction novel The Soviet Union with the power of a Communist Iron Fist Government was too emerging. Both wielding the power and never seenRead MoreEssay on Army Drawdown2777 Words   |  12 PagesBudget Deficit. Panetta will be asking for a $525 billion base budget for 2013. He would be using $88.4 billion to support combat operations in Afghanistan, that number is down from $115 billion in 2012. Only $3 billion will be used for the war in Iraq. Congress ultimately controls the spending of the Pentagon and can change it in a instant. The Defense department spending is about 20% of the overall federal spending. 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Hitler wasn’t able to use these types of strategies, so as soon as he figured out that after the World War 1 people we very desperate and devastated, he used that to his advantage in order to convince everyone that they should listen to what he said to them. He did many speeches to prove the audience he could make the world a better place. In the DocumentaryRead More One Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAppier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University Read MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 Pages The Laws of War and Neutrality 24 CHAPTER 7: War Crimes and Nuremberg Principle 28 CHAPTER 12: Nuclear Weapons: Deployment, Targeting and Deterrence 33 CHAPTER 13: Arms Control in the Nuclear Age 36 Chapter 14: Measures to Reduce Tensions and Prevent War 41 CHAPTER 16: The Law of the Sea 43 CHAPTER 17: The Constitutional Framework for the Division of Nat’l Security Powers Between Congress, the President and the Court 48 The 1973 War Powers Resolution 49 II. 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A Brief Note On The Post Industrial Journalism - 1465 Words

We believe that a similar dynamic is at work today, one we’re calling post-industrial journalism. To mean â€Å"Journalism no longer organized around the norms of proximity to the machinery of production.† Observers of the news industry today, state that reporters are people â€Å"doing more with less† is the mantra of every publisher who’s just laid off a dozen reporters and editors. However, because the â€Å"with less† part is a forced move, we have to try to make the â€Å"doing more† part work, which means less cynical press-release-speak about layoffs and more restructuring to take advantage of new ways of doing journalism. Post-industrial journalism assumes that the existing institutions are going to lose revenue and market share, and that if they hope to retain or even increase their relevance, they will have to take advantage of new working methods and processes afforded by digital media. There is too much emphasis on getting inform ation fast, even at the expense of accuracy, thoroughness and fairness. Among those who see values changing, there is a broad consensus about the direction— and it is primarily negative. When asked to explain what they meant, majorities of both groups appeared most worried about loosening standards (62% of newspaper executives and 67% among broadcasters), and the bulk of these responses referred to a decline in accuracy, a lessening of fact-checking, and more unsourced reporting. That was followed by, and closely linked to, an emphasis onShow MoreRelatedAlienation in WWII literature2652 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"The alienation of the individual is a key theme in writing of the post-World War II period† Once World War II had ended, Britain saw not only a change in government, but also a decline into bankruptcy. Clement Attlee’s Labour party aimed to implement the Beverage Report and tackle the â€Å"five giants†: Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness. They faced many challenges such as rationing and heavy winters, raising alarm bells for the country’s economy. After much debate the United States andRead MoreTranslation of Newspapers. Problems of British-American Press Headlines Translation15808 Words   |  64 Pagesinformative newspaper genre constitute the core content of newspaper contexts. A translator of social and political literature often has to translate articles and notes of informative nature from British and American newspapers, and he should know the stylistic features of such materials well. Newspaper style includes informative materials: news in brief, headlines, ads, additional articles. 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Shunned Free Essays

AP English Letter to the Editor â€Å"Speak when you are angry- and you will make the best speech you’ll ever regret. â€Å"- Laurence J. Peter. We will write a custom essay sample on Shunned or any similar topic only for you Order Now Words are powerful tools that can build up, tear down, discourage, encourage, bring life, or bring death (Assonated). Words have always been impact, but in the last 30 years the way words can affect people have increased dramatically in scope. With the widespread use of cell phones and the advent of social media, words and ideas travel in the blink of an eye, regardless of the content. Sadly, many people find themselves regretting the words that were spoken over the web, over the phone or in open air; such is the case of Archie Incognito. Incognito is an offensive lineman on the Miami Dolphins who is praised by many as extremely talented. Although his athletic talent is impressive, it does not overshadow his anger issues. Throughout his career as a football player, the inability to control emotions has been his downfall, which has contributed to one of the biggest scandals in National Football League history. The organization that has defined American sports, that attracts millions of viewers from all walks of life and provides common ground for all people, is experiencing a dishonor that brings into question everything the NFG stands for. (Periodic Sentence) As previously stated, Incognito has long had issues handling anger on and off the field, but in a recent turn of events his private issues have spilled into the public eye (Antithesis). Allegedly, Incognito caused Jonathan Martin, a teammate and fellow offensive lineman, to quit playing football because of Incognitos incessant bullying and disturbing behavior. The harassment involved sending threatening and racially charged messages, making threats against Martin’s family and even Martin himself. Jason La Conform of CBS Sports reported that Incognitos intense harassment caused Martin to come to the point of fearing for his safety, and that leaving the team was his only option. At this time Incognito is suspended from play indefinitely and his fate with the Miami Dolphins remains to be seen. Incognitos behavior is obviously insensitive, selfish, and extremely offensive, but does it warrant rejection and scrutiny that Archie Incognito is now receiving? Absolutely. The language that Incognito used goes above and beyond the tolerance level for the vast majority of individuals. Not only did he threaten Martin, but also his family, which reaches a different level of offense. When bullying forces a grown man to leave his Job as a professional football player, something must be done. On top of the series of events involving Martin, there is evidence that this type of behavior is not new to Incognito. His previous transgressions include a sexual harassment charge, three counts of assault, multiple cases of serious violations of team rules room high school to college to pro football, and to top if off was voted the Dirtiest Player in the NFG in 2009. Clearly, it was only a matter of time before something as shocking as this most recent event came bubbling to the surface. This type of behavior should not be acceptable in any way, shape, fashion or form, and should be punished. By â€Å"shunning† Incognito, he may learn to control his words and actions more carefully and therefore may save more people from his scathing tongue and callous behavior. But couldn’t this Just be a case of overreaction, Just some crude locker room talk hat found it’s way out into the open? Incognitos defense of himself was that that was just how the two men talked. While crude and offensive to a 3rd party observer, could it have Just been normalcy for the two men? While this argument has some merit it is invalid on several points. Firstly, Jonathan Martin DID leave the team, naming the reason for his departure as the intense invective leveled against him. It is hard to believe that he did not show any signs of sadness or speak up for himself before leaving. Would that have stopped Incognito? Given his previous record, most likely to. Secondly, death threats go beyond friendly razzing but step into the realm of seriousness, especially when family members are threatened. Lastly, Incognito knew that Martin had thinner skin than the guys he was used to dealing with. According to Fort Lauderdale newspaper the Sun-sentinel, the Dolphins coach had commissioned Incognito to toughen Martin up; Incognito apparently attempted this by using tirades of abusive speech. Martin needed a brother, he needed support, he needed genuine motivation. (Anaphora) But what he received only pushed him further to the brink of oppression, paralyzing fear and self-pity. In this case the ends did not Justify the means; the wrong action was taken and should be dealt with in the public eye. In the end, it is obvious that Incognito was in the wrong and should be dealt with according to the degree of his offense. We should not allow him to call darkness light, and light darkness, or to call evil good and good evil (Intolerable) but hold him accountable for the malicious actions he took towards an undeserving human being. But the want of Justice should not prevent Incognito from sincerely apologizing and running from his old ways of malice and damaging words. Everybody has things that are regrettable in their past and would not wish to be denied forgiveness if it was brought to the public eye. So although Incognito demonstrated unacceptable behavior, he should always be allowed the opportunity to ask for forgiveness; forgiveness for things said, forgiveness for things done and forgiveness for such blatant insensitivity (Indianapolis). Hopefully this type of punishment will ward off any future disturbing cases of harassment and make people think twice about inflicting extreme emotional damage on people. How to cite Shunned, Papers

Case Study of British Airline Management †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Task 1 1.1. Explain the concept of strategy, state and explain vision, mission, goals, objectives and core competencies of British Airways. 1.2. Review the issues involved in strategic planning. 1.3. Explain strategic planning techniques that organisations can use, such as BCG growth-share matrix, and apply to British Airways. Task 2 2.1. Carry out an (internal) organizational audit of British Airways particularly considering strengths and weaknesses (using SWOT), organisational culture, and benchmarking (to determine current position and performance of BA relative to other companies in the industry). 2.2. Undertake an external environmental analysis of British Airways using PESTEL model (macro environment), identify opportunities and threats present in the external environment (using SWOT), and industry analysis (using Porters 5 Forces framework). 2.3. Using Stakeholder Mapping Technique undertake analysis of the British Airways stakeholders and explain the importance of undertaking stakeholder analysis. Task 3 3.1. Present and evaluate possible alternative future strategies of British Airways relating to substantive growth (horizontal and vertical integration, related and unrelated diversification), limited growth (do nothing, strategies described in Ansoffs Matrix market penetration, market development, product development) and retrenchment. 3.2. Select an appropriate future strategy for British Airways to pursue using Porters Generic Strategies. Task 4 4.1. Compare the roles and responsibilities of the managers and (project) team members in implementing strategy, relate to British Airways, evaluate on the example of any specific strategy (increasing the number of flights on Dubai service in the Middle East, or launching flights to Seoul in South Korea). 4.2. Evaluate what resources (financial, human resources, time, materials and equipment/technology) will be required to implement a new strategy for British Airways. 4.3. Discuss targets and timescales set to successfully realise a particular British Airways strategy, and use these targets and timescales for evaluation. Answer: Task 1 Solution 1.1 British Airline wanted to become the Global Airline of the world. The strategy involves the planning and implementation on the ground. BA have bought the multiple airlines to become the 2nd largest airline of Europe and 3Rd largest of the world. The airline has followed the path of inorganic growth by acquiring the other airlines (Carpenter and Hanssens, 1994). The strategy to build a company into a International Airline of choice if reflect in its vision, mission, objectives and goals of the company. The company has also built the core competencies in a long run to sustain and fulfil the objectives of the shareholders. Vision: The long term plan of the company to sustain in the business as a Global, premium and operate and focus only in the aviation business. This will result in making a large company in Aviation business. Mission: The mission are the benchmarks, the company want to achieve in the short term. The goal is set for the short term like cost cutting, increase profit achieve milestone by increase revenue. Goals: The goals are meant for achieving the vision of the company. The goals are like to become the airline of the choice, increase the operations, entering into the new geographies etc (Giapponi and Scheraga, 2010). Core competencies: The flexibility and strength of the company attained in the period of time by taking steps like merger and acquisition become the competence in the long run that help Airline to achieve the objective of the company. Solution 1.2 The issues that involved in the strategic planning is the implementation at the ground level, the acceptability of the new policies by the employees, accept the employees of the acquired company as the peers, the trade union negotiations etc. The strategy should be align to the common objectives of the company and the employees for instance the objective is to defeat the competition by reducing the cost, the cost can be reduced either by cutting the avoidable expenses like free food or by cutting the employee strength. Though the objective is same but there will be lot of problems and issues if staff strength is cut down ("Six Carrier Mutual Aid Pact": A New Concept of Management Strike Strategy in the Airline Industry, 1960). Solution 1.3 The BCG matrix is Cash cows, stars, question mark and Dogs. Dogs: The area of business where the investment required is very low/ Nil and the returns/ Cash flows are low but stable. The BA have edge in the London market and the cash flows are stable the company has already made the goodwill in the markets and reaping the benefits. The competition cant beat BA in this market Cash Cows: The Middle East market is the cash cow. It is emerging market and the hub for the airlines and connect to south east Asia. The investment will give high and stable returns for the company (Althonayan and Sharif, 2010). Stars: The stars is the US market. BA is 3rd largest airline company, first two are from the US. In US market the revenues are high, the investments are high due to competition and the client need to spend on the regular up gradation on services to keep competing and managing its share in the market. Question Mark: The question mark are the areas were the company is not making much of the profits. BA is focused in the long haul premium services but still operating within the Europe on short distance. It doesnt match to its vision and mission so therefore these operational areas to be closed down. Task 2 Solution 2.1 British Airways is centric to the employees, channel partners, customers centric, performance and excellence based. This make them a unique combination of the strengths that is gained over a process improvement and acquisition of other airlines. The diversity of the employees, the presence in the global cities, the flexibility of taking fast decisions, the economies of scale make them a airline of the choice of commuters (Brueckner et al., 2015). We will do the SWOT analysis point wise:- Strength: The multi culture, diversified, large operations, low cost achieved due to economies of scale, quick decisions to operate in Profit making geographies and focus approach in the airline business. Weakness: The big enough to move or reorient business, multi combination of trade unions, the aging staff of acquired companies, training problems to standardised the operations (Carpenter and Hanssens, 1994). Opportunities: The employees are the strength of the any service industry and the satisfied employee bring delight to the client by serving well. BA can use this strength to bring differentiation to the customer comfort and experience. The culture of equal opportunity to employees reduce the attrition and therefore cost of the company. The diversity and employee strength will help the BA to concentrate on the new potential geographies of business (Czipura and Jolly, 2007). Threats: The employee become the weakness when he joins the competition. There are routes which are not profitable and BA want to close operations on such routes and cut down the jobs. These people will join the competition and will become the threats, as they are trained, productive for the completion and therefore the cost will come down for competitor. Solution 2.2 PESTEL: The macro environment effect any business. The macro environment consist of political, environmental, social, technological, legal. Airline business is highly regulated by the respective governments. The ease of doing business makes business sustainable. The social acceptance is important because the staff, the partners comes from the society so brand value should be reflect confidence among the people. The business require advance use of technology. The aviation industry required lot of investments on advancements from the security and safety point of view. The legal system should be robust enough to provide the justice to the company in case of any loss happen. The BA should operate in such countries which can provide these bare minimum required security for running the operations (Digman, 1980). SWOT: The strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of the British airlines are as follows. The strength is the economies of scale and large operations with flights to 148 locations of the world. The weakness is the large workforce which is vulnerable due to reason of high cost. The threats is from the macro environment where the fuel prices are unstable and make the business unviable any day. The opportunities are in the new geographies where the business has no competition and make good profits (Diversification as an alternative growth strategy for the airline industry, 1982). Porters 5 Forces; The threat of the new entrants in the market, the loyalty to be built with the customers, the long-term agreement to be done with the corporates to avail the services so the competition have to wait for long run to sustain. The bargaining power of buyers is emerged due to competition, the building of competition to be avoided by business orientation techniques. The threats of substitute like on the short haul, trains, ferry should not take away BA business so the price should be such that replacement will not be effective. The suppliers like fuel, caterers should be dependent by making long term contracts and dependability to be decreased over the time. The alternative should be there to avoid strike like situations. Solution 2.3 The stake holders are the channel partners of the British airlines. It is one of the core competence of the BA, the stakeholders are customers, employees and vendors. The competence of the stakeholders increase the strength of the company, the company is global operating in different geographies and it became difficult for the central management team to control the overall operations and standardised them. The analysis is done to check the importance of the stake holder and win its confidence for the long term sustainability of the business (Gudmundsson and Rhoades, 2001). Task 3 Solution 3.1 Future strategy: The cost cutting is the alternative for the company to sustain its profits. The cost cutting will happen by forward and backward integration of the related and dependable business like caterer business we see that due to strike by them the company has incurred a huge loss. The dependability on them is huge so the backward integration of caterer services will give assurance of the quality and profits for the business. The substantial business growth will come by acquiring the related business and one of the vision of the company is to remain in the airline business only. The unrelated diversification to be avoided. The Ansoff Matrix suggests that market penetration should be done by segmentation of the clientele, the market development by campaigning and need of the services, and customised product development for the market. The British airline is facing the problem of the ageing employees (Leahy, Tretheway and Oum, 1994). The retrenchment policy to be adopted so tha t the more effective workforce will be involved for the growth of the company. Solution 3.2 The British airline is in the business of long haul premier airline. The long distance premium have virtually no competitor except the other airline. The long haul required the global operations and huge investments in the big planes. The diversified work force and multinational approach. The porters generic strategy suggests that the bargaining power of customers and suppliers to be avoided. The competition to be taken care of by having farsightedness. In the business, the competition can emerge form anywhere like bullet trains for the short haul distance, the Video conference that can make possible to avoid the air travel for business purpose. The most important is the challenge among the rivalry competition and the survival of fittest is true in this context. The BA is the 3rd largest airline for the world, the first two airline are operating in the same industry and on the same route the price war, service quality are the main factors to affect the sales or shift of sales to the other airline. The British airline needs to keep check on the cost and customer delight to sustain in business (Teodorovi, 1988). Task 4 Solution 4.1 The project management team is the execution/ implementation team. Their role is very important to understand the requirement and implement in line with the strategy of the company made by the managers. The delay in the execution will cost British airways the opportunity to earn the super normal profits (Shi and Yu, 2012). The Middle East is the hub and gateway to the south East Asia market. All the major airlines are operating on the route. BA wants to capture the market and want the project manager to increase the number of flights on the route in the shortest duration. The roles of the managers and implementation team are as follows: Managers will decide to outsource all the activities related to the caterer, the cleaning and service staff. The project team will do the assessment of the third parties, will check their execution abilities and past experience in the similar work basically the background scrutiny and implement the strategy of outsourcing the work (Ruefli, 1988). Managers will require the inputs from the project team on the technical grounds to go for the option of leased aircraft or to buy aircraft to increase the flights on the route. The project team give the feasibility study which will help in decision making to the managers. The idea is to make rational decision that can increase the profitability of the company. Solution 4.2 The British airline required the following resources to implement the new strategy to increase the operation in the new geography. Financial: The Company need to invest in the different vertical, channel partners for support of the airline business. The BA needs new aircraft to increase the number of flights. The company needs the bank loans, promoter funds or may be cash from the existing business to run the operations till it starts generating its own cash flows (Liasidou, 2013). Time: The timelines are the crucial parameter to make the profits in the new territory. The demand of the business is to start the operations in the defined timelines so that the competition will not take over and will make profits and built loyalty and goodwill with the customers. Materials: These are the important factors and its availability will make sue the sustainability of the business. The fuel for example is the most important, its source should be permanent, and otherwise the idle aircraft will become the liability for the British airlines. Equipment/ Technology: For the airline business the technology plays a important role form the safety and security point of view. The availability of the latest gadgets, equipments for the efficient working is the necessity. While entering into the new geography is the costly affair, the company is required to understand the business, cross culture, laws and other factors of those countries so initially the company spends huge amount in understanding the sources of availability of resources at cheap cost. Solution 4.3 The target and timeline for the strategy implementation is the key. The focus is to determine the prices/ fare of the journey, the procurement of the materials, the airport fees and strategy to keep the planes idle or moving or standby mode. The strategy implementation is key to the objectives of the company. The differentiation factors will come by adhering to the timelines. The increase in the number of flights on the route will take time as new planes need to be procure, the local staff needs to be hired and trained about company policy (Ruefli, 1988). The external agreement with the suppliers are required to be done. The timelines for these activity ad smoothen of the operations will take at least 6 month time. The strategy to be followed in interim: The ideal routes or less traffic routes to be cut down and shifted to this route. The employees of these routes are also put on deputation on these flights. The external consultants to be hired to fasten the work of procurement, vendor assessments. 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